History (Medieval India History :- Maratha)

Medieval India History :- Maratha

Shivaji (1627 – 1680)

 *Born at Shivner (Father  →  Shahji Bhosale,  Mother  →  Jija Bai)

 *Inherited Jagir of Poona from his father in 1637

 *Continuous fight with Aurangzeb

 *Shaishta khan captured Poona but Shivaji reclaimed it

 *Aurangzeb sent Raja jai Singh of Amber, who besieged Purander fort →  Treaty of Purander, 1665

 *Treaty of Purander →  Shivaji surrendered 23 / 35 forts to Mughals & said to be loyal to Mughal empire

 *In 1674, Shivaji recaptured all his lost territory & crowned himself at Raigarh assuming the title of Chhtrapati

Administration

 *King was pivot at the center, led by COM’s called “Astapradhan”

 Peshwa →  Finance & General administrator (Later became PM)

 Amatya→  Accountant General

 Sar – i – Naubat / Senapati → Military commander

 Waqnavis →  Intelligence & Household affairs

 Sachiv  → Correspondence

 Sumanta →  Master of ceremonies

 Nyayadhish→ Justice Chief

 Pandit Rao  → Charities & Religious admin

 *Appointed his own revenue official “Karkuns” diminishing the power of existing Deshmukhs & Kulkarnis

Taxes

 *From neighboring kingdoms of Mughals & Deccan

 *Chauth   →  1 / 4  of the land revenue to Marathas (for not attacking them & keeping safe)

 *Deshmukhis  →  levy of 1/10  on lands Marathas claimed hereditary rights (Maratha land)
  
Peshwas (1713 – 1818)

 *Balaji Vishvanath  →  Under Maratha ruler Shahu

 *Baji Rao →  Under Maratha ruler Shahu

 *Balaji Baji Rao  →  Became king & ruler of Marathas (Shahu Died)

Agreement with Mughals

 *Balaji Bajirao came into agreement with Mughals in 1752

 *Protection of Mughals in exchange of revenue (Chauth) from Northern provinces

3rd Battle of Panipat

 *Ahmed shah Abdali vs Balaji Bajirao

 *When Ahmed shah Abdali invaded India, Marathas fought for Mughals

 *Balaji Bajirao got defeated & died in 3rd battle of Panipat