BATTLES AND WARS OF INDIA
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Time period
|
Name of the battle
|
Fought between
|
Conclusion
|
| 327-25 BC | Invasion of Alexander/ Battle of Jhelum |
Alexander and
Porus, the Indian King | Invasion, Expansion of Alexander’s Empire |
| 305 BC |
Chandragupta Maurya and
Greek King Seleucus | To defend India and prevent Invasion. Mauryans won. | |
| 216 BC | The Kalinga War |
Emperor Asoka and
Kalinga Kingdom | Conquest. Asoka won. This war is also considered to have inspired Asoka to give up violence and embrace Buddhism |
| 155 BC | Menander’s Invasion |
Menander, the Greek king
India | Conquest. Expansion of Menander’s Empire |
| 90 BC | The Saka Invasion |
The Sakas or the Indo-scythians from central Asia and northern south Asia invades India
| Sakas acquired certain parts of Indian subcontinent and established a kingdom in Taxila |
| 454 AD | Huna Invasion |
Hunas, the nomads from Chinese region invaded India for the first time
| Hunas were defeated by Gupta ruler, Skandagupta |
| 495 AD | Second Huna Invasion |
Hunas invades India for the second time under the leadership of Tormana
| Hunas won |
| 711-712 AD | The Arab Invasion |
Arabs invade Sind, India under the leadership of Muhammed Bin Qasim
(Twice within the time period) | Arabs won during the second time |
| 1000- 27 AD |
Mahmud of Ghazi invades India 17 times within this time period
| Invasions were not mere conquests, but plunders which left many of the Rajput kingdoms empty and vassals to Mahmud of Ghazni | |
| 1175 – 1206 AD | Invasions of Muhammad Ghori |
1191 AD- between Prithviraj chauhan and Ghori
1192 AD- Prithviraj Chauhan defeated 1194 AD Ghori defeats the King of Kanauj | Though Ghori succeeded in his advances, he couldn’t sustain his success, with his murder, the slaves of his dynasty assumed power, which later came to be known as the slave dynasty/Khilji dynasty |
| Tughlaq dynasty came into existence with a coup launched on the Khilji dynasty by Ghazi Malik, the then governor of Punjab, who later became Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and started the reign of Tughlaq dynasty 1320 AD | |||
| 1398 AD | Invasion by Timur |
Timur and his army attacks Sultan Mahmud shah of the Tughlaq Dynasty
| Timur won |
| Khizr khan of Multan besieged the already defeated Delhi to assume power and start off the Sayyid Dynasty on 1414 AD, But couldn’t survive for long, the last Sayyid ruler Ala-ud-din-Alam shah left his crown to one of his favourite governor Bahlul khan Lodi, in 1451 AD. Bahlul Khan Lodi established Lodi dynasty. | |||
| 1526 AD | Babur’s invasion The first battle of Panipat |
Babur invades India and engages in battle Ibrahim Lodi
| Babur wins The Lodi dynasty ends. Mughal rule begins in India. |
| 1539-40 AD | Battle of Ghagra and Battle of Kanauj |
Sher shah suri of the Sur empire challenges the Mughal authority and the then Mughal king Humayun
| Humayun loses. Sher shah takes control of the Mughal empire |
| 1545 AD | Battle of Kalinjar |
Sher Shah suri died during a gunpowder accident
| Hindu rule comes back to Delhi with Hemu assuming the throne in 1556 AD, re -establishing Hindu rule after 350 years |
| 1556 AD | Second Battle of Panipat |
Mughal ruler Akbar challenges Hemu
| Akbar defeats Hemu |
| 1565 AD | Battle of Rakatakshasi |
The forces of Vijayanagara empire of Kind Sadasiva Raya and Rama Raya are attacked by combined forces of Bijapur,Golkonda,Ahmadnagar and Bidar
| Vijayanagara Kingdom was defeated |
| 1576 AD | Battle of Haldighati |
Akbar challenges Maha Rana Pratap of Mewar
| Akbar Won |
| 1632-33 AD | Conquest of Ahmednagar |
Akbar tried to take over Ahmednagar which was in chaos with no clear leader ship to look after Ahmednagar sultanate
| Akbar won |
| 1658 AD | Battle of Dharmat and Battle of Samugarh |
Aurangzeb who was eager to assume the Mughals throne was challenged by Shahjahan’s eldest son, Dara Shikoh
| Dara Shikoh won |
| 1665 AD |
Shivaji defied the Mughal authority of Aurangzeb and fought with Raja Jai Singh, an ally of Aurangzeb
| Shivaji was defeated | |
| 1739 AD |
Invasion of India by Nadir shah
| Nadir shah didn’t have to launch an attack on the already weak Mughals. So he plundered Delhi and massacred the city dwellers. The famed peacock thrown and Kohinoor also lists among the plundered items | |
| 1746 AD | First Carnatic War |
Between British and French troops in India over the possession of Madras which was taken over by the French
| War ended with a treaty which returned the possession of Madras to the British |
| 1748-54 AD | Second Carnatic War |
It started out a family feud over the throne of the Nizam of Hyderabad, between Nasir Jung and Muzaffar Jung, son and grandson of Nizam. In an attempt to overthrow the political stability French and English took both sides of the issue
| War ended with Treaty of Pondicherry, with British on the winning side. |
| 1756-63 AD | Third Carnatic War |
This war took place as an after-effect of seven years war that took place in Europe between France and Britain. It spread all over India with British eventually taking over the French capital of Pondicherry
| War ended with treaty of Paris with British winning. Treaty forbade France from holding trade relation with India. Pondicherry was returned to French |
| 1757 AD | The Battle of Plassey |
Between Siraj-uddhawla , the Nawab of Bengal and Robert Clive , the British representative
| Nawab was defeated and this war established company rule over India |
| 1762 AD | Third Battle of Panipat |
War was between a Muslim alliance of Ahmed shah Abdali, Shuja ud Daula, Najib ul Dawlah against the Maratha power at Delhi
| Marathas lost. It led to the weakening of Maratha’s hold in north |
| 1764 AD | Battle of Buxar |
Between English and Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal
| The British won |
| 1767 – 69 AD | First Mysore War |
Fought between the sultanate of Mysore and the east India company
| Ended with treaty between sultan of Mysore and Company |
| 1775-82 AD | First Maratha War |
Fought between the company and Maratha empire on violation of the treaty of Surat
| War ended with the treaty of Saibai |
| 1780-84 AD | Second Mysore War |
Was a result of the ongoing French-British rivalry in which Mysore was ally of French
| War ended with treaty of Mangalore and temporary peace |
| 1792 AD | Third Mysore War |
Between Tipu Sultan and the east India company
| Ended with treaty of Seringapatam and Tipu complying to the terms of British |
| 1799 AD | Fourth Mysore War |
War started with British trying to take indirect control of Mysore and withdrawing support to the son of Tipu
| Tipu’s kingdom was defeated |
| 1802-04 AD | Second Maratha War |
War between Maratha kingdom and company
| British won with Treaty of Deogaon (1803) Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon (1803) Treaty of Rajghat (1805 |
| 1817-18 AD | Third Maratha War |
Final war between the company and the Marathas
| Maratha’s lost |
| 1845-46 AD | First Sikh War |
Between the Sikh empire in Punjab and the east India company
| Sikhs were left partially defeated |
| 1846 AD | Battle of Aiiwal |
Between the Sikh empire in Punjab and the east India company
| Sikhs were defeated |
| 1848-49 AD | Second Sikh War |
Between the Sikh empire in Punjab and the east India company
| Sikhs were defeated completely and Punjab was made part of British India |
| 1857 AD | Sepoy Mutiny/ first war of Indian independence |
Between a section of the Indian army battalion and the company
| It finally ended the company rule in India and brought the county under Queens rule |
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