UNITED NATIONS: FACTS, MAJOR ORGANS, THEIR HEADS & HEADQUARTERS
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
Important facts on the UN:
Economic and Social CouncilThe Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), established by the UN Charter, with 54 members is the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions. Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote.
International Court of JusticeThe International Court of Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. With 15 Judges, It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies.
Security CouncilThe Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.
The Council is composed of 15 Members:Five permanent members with veto power: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term date): Argentina, Australia, Chad, Chile, Jordan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Nigeria, Republic of Korea, Rwanda
Trusteeship CouncilThe Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. Its work completed, the Council has amended its rules of procedure to meet as and where occasion may require.
SecretariatThe Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN: administering peacekeeping operations, surveying economic and social trends, preparing studies on human rights, among others.
Specialized Organizations of UN:
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Important facts on the UN:
- The name "United Nations” was coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles.
- In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter.
- The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States.
- United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.
Economic and Social CouncilThe Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), established by the UN Charter, with 54 members is the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions. Voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote.
International Court of JusticeThe International Court of Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. With 15 Judges, It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies.
Security CouncilThe Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.
The Council is composed of 15 Members:Five permanent members with veto power: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term date): Argentina, Australia, Chad, Chile, Jordan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Nigeria, Republic of Korea, Rwanda
Trusteeship CouncilThe Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. Its work completed, the Council has amended its rules of procedure to meet as and where occasion may require.
SecretariatThe Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN: administering peacekeeping operations, surveying economic and social trends, preparing studies on human rights, among others.
| Organisation | Headquarters | Present Head |
| United Nations General Assembly | New York, USA | H.E. John W. Ashe |
| United Nations Security Council | New York, USA | The presidency of the Council is held by each of the members in turn for one month |
| United Nations Secretariat | New York, USA | Ban Ki Moon |
| International Court of Justice | The Hague, Netherlands | Peter Tomka |
| Economic and Social Council | New York | Martin Sajdik |
| Trusteeship Council | New York | Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau, the last trust territory, attained independence. |
Specialized Organizations of UN:
Organisation
|
Headquarters
|
Year of Establishment
|
Present Head
|
| International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) | Vienna, Austria | 1957 | Yukiya Amano |
| Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) | 1945 | José Graziano da Silva | |
| International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) | Canada Montreal | 1947 | Raymond Benjamin |
| International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) | Rome, Italy | 1977 | Kanayo F. Nwanze |
| International Labour Organization (ILO) | Geneva, Switzerland | 1919 | Guy Rider |
| International Maritime Organization (IMO) | London, United Kingdom | 1948 | Koji Sekimizu |
| International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Washington, D.C., USA | 1945 | Christine Lagarde |
| International Telecommunication Union (ITU) | Geneva, Switzerland | 1865 | Mali Hamadoun Touré |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) | Paris, France | 1946 | Irina Bokova |
| Universal Postal Union (UPU) | Berne, Switzerland | 1947 | Bishar Abdirahman Hussein |
| World Bank WB | Washington, D.C, USA | 1945 | Jim Yong Kim |
| World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | Geneva, Switzerland | 1974 | Francis Gurry |
| World Meteorological Organization (WMO) | Geneva, Switzerland | 1950 | David Grimes |
| World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) | Madrid, Spain | 1974 | Taleb Rifai |
| United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) | Vienna, Austria | 1997 | Yuri Fedotov |
| United Nations Data and Information Organization (UNDIO) | Kampala, Uganda | 2013 | Louis R. Rutinduka |
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