History (Ancient India History :- Chalukya Of Badami, Pallavas, Pandyas)

Ancient India History :- Chalukya Of Badami, Pallavas, Pandyas

 *600 AD: 3 Main Kingdoms in South: Chalukya (Badami); Pallava (Kanchi); Pandyas (Madurai)

 *Primary Language : Sanskrit

 *Rise of agrarian economy + No megaliths + Decline in trade

 *Numerous grants were made to Brahamanas

 *Marked by beginning of construction of stone temple of Vishnu & Shiva

 *Jainism was confined to Maharashtra

Chalukyas of Badami

 *Northern Maharashtra → Vakatas (Brahamanas) Succeded Satavahanas

 *Vakatas were Succeeded by Chalukyas of Badami (Vatapi)

 *Chalukyas of Badami claimed their descendent from Moon/Manu/Brahma

 *Capital → Badami (Vatapi) at Bijapur (Karnataka)

Greatest Ruler → Pulakeshin 2

 *Aihole inscription by Ravikriti in sanskrit

 *Defeated Harshas Army advancing in Deccan on banks of Narmada

Architecture by Chalukyas

 *Developed Deccan/ Vesara style Temples

 *Developed Papanatha & Virupaksha @ Pattadakal (City of famous 10 temples)

Pallavas

 *Eastern Peninsula → Ikshvakus (Suryavansh) Succeeded Satavahans

 *Ikshvakus were succeeded by Pallavas

 *Pallavas were called “ Creeper/ Tondai / Robbers)

 *Capital → Kanchipuram

 *Conflict with kadambas (Founded by Mayurasharman : Capital → Vaijayanti)

Great Pallava Ruler → Narasimhavarman

 *Defeated Pulakeshin 2

 *Occupied Vatapi & entitled Vatapikonda

 *Founded Port city of Mahabalipuram (Now Mamallapuram)

Pallavas Dravidian Style Temples

7 Ratha temple :- Mahabalipuram :- Rock cut

Shore Temple :- Mahabalipuram :- Free standing

Vaikuntha Perumal  :-   Mahabalipuram :- Free standing

Kailashnath Temple :- Kanchipuram :- Free standing

Conflict with Kalbhras

 *Pallavas, Chalukyas & Kadambas → All 3 were brahamans

 *Followed brahamanism with vedic sacrifices

 *Made numerous land grants to Brahamanas

 *Kalbhras Patronised Buddhism & Buddhist monasteries

 *Land grants to brahamanas led to revolt of Kalbhras mainly to put an end to Brahamadeya right to Brahamanas

Rural Structure

 *Generally 3 types of villages, namely Ur, Sabha & Nagaram

Ur :- Inhabited by peasants who held their land in common & village headman collected tax & paid on everyone’s behalf

Sabha :- Brahamdeya or land granted to Brahamanas (Agrahara villages)

Nagaram :- Inhabited by merchants & traders

 *In Chalukya kingdom rural affairs were managed by village elders known as “Mahajana”