History (Medieval India History :- Ghaznavids : Mahmud Of Gazni & Muhammad Ghori)

Medieval India History :- Ghaznavids : Mahmud Of Gazni & Muhammad Ghori

Ghaznavids (1000 – 1200 AD)

 *Islam →  Founded in Mecca by prophet muhammad (622 AD)

 *622 AD →  Starting point of Muslim calender

 *Later, Profet moved to Madina & this Muslim era was called Hijra

 *Followers of prophet set up an empire known as Caliphate

 *Umayyads & Abbasids were called Caliphs (Arabs)

Mahmud of Gazni

 *Around 900 AD, Caliphate declined & Turkish established independent kingdoms

 *Mahmud of Gazni is said to have made 17 raids to India, mainly aimed at rich temples & cities of North India

 *North Indian frontier Hindu Shahi kingdom of Jayapala (Punjab to Kabul) was defeated in 1001 AD

 *His successor Anandpala also got defeated in battle of Waihind (1008 AD).

 *In battle of Waihind, Anandpala was supported by Rulers of Kannauj & Rajasthan; as a result Mahmud got his rule established over almost all over Punjab

Famous Poets Patronized by Mahmud of Gazni

 *Firdausi  →  Wrote Shahnamah

 *Alberuni →  Wrote Kitab-i-Hind

Muhammad Ghori

 *After death of Mahmud, Ghori succeeded to the throne of Ghazni

 *In 1186, He attacked Punjab & captured it from “Khusro Malik”, annexing it to his dominions

 *Realizing the urgency of situation, North Indian Hindu princes formed a confederacy under the command of Prithvi Raj Chauhan

 *Prithvi raj chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in Battle of Tarain, near Delhi in 1191

 *Again, Muhammad Ghori gathered a vast army & sent message to Prithvi raj chauhan to be a Muslim & accept his supremacy but Chauhan rejected his terms.

 *In 1192, in 2nd battle of Tarain , Prithvi raj Chauhan was captured & killed, marking the establishment of 1st Muslim kingdom rule over Ajmer in India

 *Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghazni leaving his general Qutubuddin Aibak to make further conquests in India →  Aibak captured Delhi & Meerut and in 1193

 *Ghori invaded Jayachandra “Ruler of Kannauj” in battle of Chandwar or Ghardawala & annexed it, setting Turkish rule in North India

Delhi Sultanet

- Muslim invasion in India resulted in establishment of Delhi Sultanet (1206 – 1526) which mainly consisted of 5 different dynasties

Dynasty :- Prominent Rulers

Slave dynasty :- Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban

Khilji dynasty :- Jalaluddin Khalji, Alaunddin Khalji

Tughlaq dynasty :- Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad – Bin – Tughlaq, Firoz Tughlaq

Sayyid dynasty :- Khirz khan, Alam Shah

Lodi dynasty :-    Bahlol lodi, Sikandar lodi, Ibrahim Lodi