History (Medieval India History :- Delhi Sultanate: Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290))

Medieval India History :- Delhi Sultanate: Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290)

- Slave dynasty (Mamluk dynasty) was mainly sum up of 3 small dynasties, namely

 *Qutubi Dynasty (1206 – 1211) * →  By Qutubuddin Aibak

 *1st Ilbari Dynasty (1211 – 1246)   →  By Iltutmish

 *2nd Ilbari Dynasty (1246 – 1290)  →  By Balban

Qutubuddin Aibak (1206 -1210)

 *At the death of Muhammad Ghori, Aibak declared his independence & setup his own rule at Indraprastha, near Delhi

 *He severed all connections with Ghori kingdom & founded slave dynasty as well as Delhi sultanate

 *Assumed the title of Sultan & made Lahore his capital

 *Also known as Lakh bakhsh by Muslim writers due to his charity of 1 lakh coins to them

 *Patronised great scholar “Hasan Nizami” & started construction of famous Qutub minar named after famous Sufi saint Khwaja – i – Qutubuddin- Bakthiyar (Minar was later completed by Iltutmish)

 *Died Playing Chaugan (Horse polo) in 1210

Iltutmish (1211 – 1236)

 *Belonged to Ilbari tribe hence his dynasty is named Ilbari dynasty. His half-brothers sold him to Aibak who made him, his son-in-law & appointed him as ‘Iqtadar of Gwalior’

 *In 1211, Iltutmish defeated Aram Bakhsh (Son of Aibak) & became sultan

 *Shifted capital from Lahore to Delhi, Completed Qutub Minar at Delhi & Built Ajmer Sharif mosque

 *Introduced Arabic coinage silver taka (175 gm) coin in India which became the basis of modern rupee

 *Started a new class of ruling elites of 40 powerful military leaders known as “the 40 nobles” or Chahalgani

 *It was under his reign that Mongols under Changez khan raided Central Asia

Razia Sultana (1236 – 1240)

 *Appointed Abyssinian slave Yakuth as master of royal horses

 *Discarded female cloths & held court with face unveiled

 *Altunia, Governor of Bhatinda, revolted against her & captured her as prisoner but later married her

 *Razia, proceeded to Delhi to regain her control but got defeated & killed

Balban (1246 – 1287)

 *Introduced rigorous court discipline & started new customs such as Prostration (Shijada & Paipos rule) & kissing sultan’s feet to prove his supremacy over nobles

 *Introduced Persian festival of Navroj to impress the nobles

 *Spared only the most loyal nobles (Chahalganis) & eliminated all others by one mean or other

 *Established a separate military department “Diwan – i –Arz” to maintain law & order